IBC vs Benami

The article "IBC v. Benami Act: Who Wins the Tussle? Will Two Swords Fit in One Scabbard?" in Corporate Professionals Today Volume 66, Issue, May 9 to 15, 2026 presents a thoughtful and analytically rigorous examination of one of the more nuanced conflicts in contemporary Indian insolvency jurisprudence—the apparent collision between the provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) and the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (Benami Act). Anchored around the landmark Supreme Court decision in S. Rajendran v. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Benami Prohibition), the article explores the extent to which insolvency proceedings can coexist with sovereign enforcement actions against benami properties.

One of the article's principal strengths lies in its methodical organisation. It begins by setting out the legislative framework governing both statutes before tracing the factual background that culminated in the Supreme Court's ruling. The discussion then proceeds through the competing statutory objectives, the jurisdictional issues surrounding the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), the scope of the IBC's overriding clause under Section 238, and the implications of attachment proceedings initiated under the Benami Act. This structured approach enables the reader to appreciate not merely the outcome of the judgment but also the legal reasoning that underpins it.

The author demonstrates an impressive command over insolvency jurisprudence and constitutional principles governing statutory interpretation. Rather than treating the issue as a simple conflict between two enactments, the article carefully distinguishes between private insolvency rights and the sovereign powers of the State to investigate, attach, and confiscate property acquired through benami transactions. In doing so, it highlights the Supreme Court's reaffirmation that the Benami Act operates in a distinct legislative sphere and that challenges to proceedings under that statute cannot ordinarily be entertained before forums constituted under the IBC.

Particularly noteworthy is the discussion on the limits of the NCLT's jurisdiction. The article explains with clarity why insolvency tribunals, despite exercising extensive powers over corporate insolvency resolution and liquidation, cannot assume appellate or supervisory jurisdiction over proceedings initiated by statutory authorities under special legislation. This analysis reinforces the broader constitutional principle that specialised tribunals must operate within the confines of the jurisdiction expressly conferred upon them by Parliament.

The article also succeeds in placing the judgment within the wider framework of evolving insolvency law. By examining earlier judicial pronouncements involving conflicts between the IBC and other sovereign statutes—particularly those concerning attachment, confiscation, and public interest—the author illustrates that the present decision forms part of a larger judicial trend recognising that insolvency legislation, however comprehensive, does not automatically override every special enactment enacted to protect public revenue or combat economic offences. This contextual treatment significantly enhances the article's scholarly value.

From a stylistic perspective, the writing strikes an appropriate balance between academic depth and practical accessibility. The language is precise without becoming unnecessarily technical, making the article equally useful for insolvency professionals, advocates, chartered accountants, company secretaries, bankers, and corporate advisors. Complex statutory provisions and judicial reasoning are explained in a logical sequence, allowing even readers who are not specialists in insolvency law to follow the legal developments with ease.

Another commendable aspect is the article's balanced and objective tone. Rather than advocating for one statutory regime over the other, it critically analyses the reasoning adopted by the Supreme Court and evaluates its practical implications for resolution professionals, creditors, corporate debtors, and enforcement agencies. This measured approach lends credibility to the analysis and reflects sound legal scholarship.

Overall, the article is an authoritative and well-researched contribution to the literature on Indian insolvency law. It successfully transforms a technically intricate jurisdictional conflict into a coherent and engaging legal analysis while remaining firmly grounded in statutory interpretation and judicial precedent. The article will be of considerable value to legal practitioners, insolvency professionals, academics, financial institutions, and policymakers seeking to understand the evolving relationship between insolvency proceedings and sovereign enforcement mechanisms. It is both intellectually rigorous and practically relevant, making it a noteworthy addition to contemporary legal discourse on the interface between the IBC and special economic legislation.

SNRR account

 

Legal Analysis and Professional Review

Document: Circular F. No. IFSCA-FMPP0BR/4/2024-Banking
Issuing Authority: International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)
Date: 19 June 2026
Subject: Amendment to the Circular titled "Permissible transactions through the Special Non-Resident Rupee (SNRR) accounts of IFSC units – Amendment"

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Executive Summary

The Circular is a regulatory amendment issued by the International Financial Services Centres Authority ("IFSCA") to harmonize the operational framework governing Special Non-Resident Rupee (SNRR) Accounts maintained by financial institutions established in an International Financial Services Centre (IFSC).

Rather than introducing an entirely new regulatory regime, the Circular substitutes Clause 3 of an earlier circular dated 29 January 2025 in light of subsequent amendments made to the Anti-Money Laundering, Counter-Terrorist Financing and Know Your Customer (AML/CFT/KYC) Guidelines on the same date, namely 19 June 2026.

The amendment principally seeks to:

• facilitate smoother conduct of business transactions undertaken outside the IFSC;
• maintain regulatory oversight over the movement of funds;
• preserve India's foreign exchange management framework; and
• balance operational flexibility with AML/CFT safeguards.

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Historical Background

Genesis of the SNRR Account Framework

The Special Non-Resident Rupee (SNRR) Account was originally conceptualized under the foreign exchange regime administered by the Reserve Bank of India.

Unlike ordinary rupee accounts, SNRR accounts enable eligible non-resident entities to undertake specific rupee-denominated transactions connected with legitimate business activities.

With increasing internationalisation of IFSC operations, practical difficulties arose because many business transactions generated rupee receipts outside the IFSC ecosystem.

Accordingly:

• regulatory amendments notified on 14 January 2025 permitted IFSC units to maintain SNRR accounts with authorised dealers outside the IFSC;
• the present Circular further refines that framework by prescribing the permissible utilisation and remittance of such funds.

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Legislative Framework

The Circular derives statutory authority from:

• Sections 12 and 13 of the International Financial Services Centres Authority Act, 2019, empowering IFSCA to regulate financial institutions and financial services within the IFSC.

It also operates alongside:

• Foreign Exchange Management regulations governing SNRR Accounts;
• IFSCA AML/CFT/KYC Guidelines;
• Earlier SNRR Circular dated 29 January 2025.

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Detailed Legal Analysis

1. Nature of the Amendment

The Circular does not create a fresh regulatory framework.

Instead, it expressly substitutes Clause 3 of the earlier SNRR Circular.

Legally, substitution replaces the previous provision in its entirety, ensuring that the revised clause becomes the operative regulatory text.

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2. Recognition of Business Outside IFSC

The amendment expressly recognises that an IFSC financial institution may undertake:

• business-related activities outside the IFSC; and
• receive monetary consideration through an SNRR account maintained with an authorised dealer in India outside the IFSC.

This represents an important policy shift towards operational flexibility.

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3. Permissible Credits

The Circular clarifies that the SNRR account may receive:

• fees;
• funds;
• monetary consideration;
• other amounts arising from business transactions outside the IFSC.

The language is deliberately broad, reducing interpretational disputes regarding permissible credits.

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4. Mandatory Repatriation Requirement

The principal regulatory safeguard introduced is the obligation that amounts received must be transferred to the financial institution's account maintained with an IFSC Banking Unit (IBU) in a specified foreign currency within 30 working days of receipt.

From a legal perspective, this requirement serves multiple objectives:

• limiting prolonged retention of domestic rupee balances;
• preserving foreign exchange discipline;
• strengthening regulatory audit trails; and
• mitigating money laundering risks.

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5. Administrative Expense Exception

The Circular carves out an express exception:

Amounts credited solely for administrative expenses are exempt from the mandatory remittance requirement.

This is a pragmatic provision recognising that routine operational expenditure—such as salaries, rent, utilities, professional fees, or statutory payments—may legitimately require the maintenance of rupee balances.

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6. Immediate Effect

The Circular comes into force immediately upon issuance.

Accordingly, all regulated entities are expected to comply without any transitional period.

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Legal Significance

The Circular advances several regulatory objectives:

Operational Efficiency

Financial institutions are no longer required to adopt cumbersome mechanisms for routing business receipts generated outside the IFSC.

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Regulatory Consistency

The amendment aligns the SNRR framework with contemporaneous amendments made to the AML/CFT/KYC Guidelines.

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Foreign Exchange Discipline

The 30-working-day remittance requirement ensures that domestic rupee balances remain temporary rather than permanent.

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AML/CFT Compliance

Prompt remittance to IFSC Banking Units creates a transparent audit trail, thereby reducing opportunities for misuse.

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Practical Implications for Regulated Entities

Financial institutions operating in IFSCs should:

• review treasury policies;
• monitor SNRR account balances regularly;
• establish internal controls to ensure remittance within the prescribed timeframe;
• document administrative expense payments separately;
• maintain adequate records to demonstrate regulatory compliance.

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Overall Professional Review

From a legal and regulatory perspective, this Circular is a well-crafted, narrowly tailored amendment that reflects the continuing evolution of India's IFSC regulatory framework. Rather than imposing additional compliance burdens, it provides greater operational flexibility while reinforcing safeguards essential to foreign exchange management and anti-money laundering compliance.

The amendment strikes a measured balance between facilitating legitimate commercial activity and preserving regulatory oversight. By allowing IFSC financial institutions to receive business-related receipts through SNRR accounts while mandating their timely remittance to IFSC Banking Units—subject to a sensible exemption for administrative expenses—it enhances both commercial efficiency and supervisory transparency.

Overall Assessment: The Circular represents a pragmatic and progressive refinement of the existing regulatory framework. It aligns with the broader legislative objective of positioning India's IFSC as a globally competitive financial jurisdiction while maintaining robust standards of financial integrity, regulatory compliance, and foreign exchange discipline. It is an example of principle-based regulation that facilitates business without compromising supervisory control.

investment advisor

 This SEBI Circular (HO/38/12/11(5)2026-MIRSD-POD/I/14660/2026 dated June 24, 2026) introduces a significant regulatory relaxation aimed at simplifying certification requirements for certain categories of Persons Associated with Investment Advice (PAIA). The circular reflects SEBI's continuing commitment to balancing investor protection with operational efficiency by adopting an "Ease of Doing Business" approach.

The principal amendment distinguishes between personnel who are actively engaged in rendering investment advice and those whose responsibilities are confined to sales, relationship management, and other non-core client-facing functions. While core advisory personnel must continue to obtain the existing NISM Series-X-A (Level 1) and Series-X-B (Level 2) certifications, staff performing only sales and non-core services are now permitted to qualify through the newly introduced NISM Series-XXV-B: Persons Associated with Investment Advice (Sales and Other Non-Core Services) Certification Examination. This targeted differentiation reduces the compliance burden on employees whose roles do not involve providing investment advice.

A noteworthy feature of the circular is its transitional provision. Existing PAIAs who have already obtained the Level 1 and Level 2 certifications are not required to immediately undertake the newly prescribed Series-XXV-B examination. Instead, they may continue relying on their current certifications until expiry, at which point the revised certification requirement becomes applicable. This grandfathering provision ensures a smooth transition while avoiding unnecessary duplication of certification efforts.

Key Highlights

• Introduces a simplified certification regime for PAIAs performing only sales and non-core functions.
• Retains the existing two-tier certification framework for personnel directly involved in investment advisory activities.
• Provides transitional relief for currently certified personnel through a grandfathering mechanism.
• Reinforces SEBI's broader objective of promoting regulatory efficiency without diluting investor protection.
• Comes into force with immediate effect.

Overall Assessment

This circular represents a pragmatic and business-friendly regulatory reform. By aligning certification requirements with the actual nature of employees' responsibilities, SEBI has reduced avoidable compliance costs while preserving rigorous qualification standards for professionals engaged in investment advice. The distinction between advisory and non-advisory roles is likely to improve operational flexibility for registered Investment Advisers without compromising regulatory oversight or investor interests.

Overall, the circular is a well-calibrated measure that advances SEBI's ongoing agenda of ease of doing business through proportionate regulation, while maintaining the integrity and professionalism expected within the investment advisory ecosystem.

Digital Frauds

 The Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Responsible Business Conduct) Third Amendment Directions, 2026 represents a substantial overhaul of the regulatory framework governing customer protection in cases of fraudulent electronic banking transactions. Applicable to transactions undertaken on or after 1 January 2027, the Directions replace the existing provisions on customer liability and introduce a more detailed and structured regime covering card-present and card-not-present transactions, internet banking, mobile banking, and other electronic payment channels.

A notable feature of the amendment is its stronger emphasis on customer protection and accountability of banks. Customers will enjoy zero liability in cases where fraud arises due to negligence or deficiencies on the part of the bank, including system failures, security breaches, failure to send transaction alerts, or inadequate fraud-reporting mechanisms. Similarly, customers affected by third-party breaches will be entitled to full reversal of fraudulent transactions if the incident is reported within five calendar days. The burden of proving customer negligence has been expressly placed on banks, marking a significant shift in favour of consumer protection.

The Directions also introduce several operational safeguards. Banks must provide 24×7 channels for reporting fraud, issue instant SMS alerts for transactions exceeding ₹500, send email notifications wherever available, acknowledge complaints immediately, and complete investigation and liability determination within prescribed timelines of 45 days for domestic frauds and 60 days for cross-border cases. Credit card customers are additionally protected through a mandatory “shadow reversal” mechanism, requiring provisional credit within five days of reporting a fraudulent transaction.

Perhaps the most innovative aspect of the amendment is the introduction of a compensation framework for bona fide victims of small-value digital frauds. Individual customers suffering losses of up to ₹50,000 due to fraudulent electronic banking transactions may receive compensation of 85% of the net loss, subject to a maximum of ₹25,000, provided the fraud is reported both to the bank and the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal or Helpline 1930 within five days. The compensation cost is shared among the RBI, the customer’s bank, and, where applicable, the beneficiary bank, demonstrating a collaborative approach to addressing digital fraud risks.

Overall, the amendment reflects RBI’s proactive response to the rising incidence of digital payment frauds. By combining enhanced customer safeguards, stricter obligations on banks, structured compensation mechanisms, and board-level oversight of fraud-related complaints, the Directions seek to strengthen public confidence in India's rapidly expanding digital banking ecosystem while promoting greater responsibility and resilience across the banking sector.

buy back

The SEBI Board has approved amendments to the SEBI (Buy-back of Securities) Regulations, 2018, aimed at enhancing flexibility in buy-back mechanisms, simplifying compliance requirements, reducing procedural costs, and strengthening investor protection.

Key amendments include the reintroduction of open market buy-backs through stock exchanges with effect from 1 August 2026, in addition to the existing tender offer and book-building routes. To improve shareholder awareness, companies undertaking such buy-backs will be required to disseminate buy-back information electronically, alongside existing newspaper disclosures.

To prevent indirect participation by promoters, securities held by promoters and their associates will remain frozen at the ISIN level during the buy-back period. Further, all buy-backs will be required to comply with minimum public shareholding norms, and the interval between two buy-backs has been aligned with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

In a significant ease-of-doing-business measure, the appointment of a Merchant Banker for buy-backs has been made optional. Where a company chooses not to appoint a Merchant Banker, the associated responsibilities will be discharged by the company, its compliance officer, statutory auditor, secretarial auditor, and stock exchanges.

The amendments are intended to streamline the buy-back framework, improve operational efficiency, reduce compliance costs, and reinforce safeguards against promoter dealings during the buy-back period.

Transmission of securities

 SEBI Board Meeting – Key Decisions Taken on 19 June 2026

1. Simplification and Standardisation of the Framework for Transmission of Securities

The Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"), at its Board Meeting held on 19 June 2026, approved a series of measures aimed at simplifying and streamlining the framework governing the transmission of securities upon the demise of an investor. The reforms are intended to facilitate faster and more efficient transmission of securities to legal heirs and other eligible claimants while reducing procedural complexities.

1.1 Introduction of Quick Transmission Processing (QTP)

SEBI has approved the introduction of a new category of Quick Transmission Processing (QTP) for small-value claims. Under this mechanism, transmission requests involving securities valued up to:

• ₹10,000 in the case of physical holdings; and

• ₹30,000 in the case of dematerialised holdings,

shall be processed through a simplified procedure with minimal documentation requirements, thereby enabling expeditious settlement of such claims.

1.2 Enhancement of Thresholds for Simplified Documentation

In order to extend the benefit of simplified documentation to a larger number of claimants, SEBI has approved the enhancement of the existing monetary thresholds as follows:

• From ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh per listed company in respect of physical holdings; and

• From ₹15 lakh to ₹30 lakh per beneficial owner in respect of dematerialised holdings.

1.3 Documentation and Procedural Simplifications

The revised framework incorporates several significant measures aimed at reducing the compliance burden on claimants while enhancing operational efficiency for intermediaries. Key changes include:

(a) Dispensation with the requirement of furnishing a Permanent Account Number (PAN), considering that PAN details are already available in the demat account opening records.

(b) Removal of the mandatory requirement to obtain Probate of a Will, in alignment with recent amendments to the applicable succession laws.

(c) Permission to submit a combined Affidavit-cum-No Objection Certificate (NOC) in lieu of separate affidavits and NOCs.

(d) Recognition of death certificates bearing a QR Code as valid documentary evidence, in addition to original or duly attested copies, thereby facilitating easier verification.

(e) In cases where death certificates are issued by foreign jurisdictions, provision of additional verification mechanisms through overseas branches of Indian banks or foreign banks maintaining correspondent banking relationships with Indian banks.

1.4 Expected Impact

The approved measures are expected to significantly simplify the transmission process, expedite claim settlement, reduce associated costs, and alleviate procedural hardships faced by legal heirs and claimants.

1.5 Stakeholder Consultation

The proposals were deliberated in consultation with the Industry Standards Forum for Registrars to an Issue and Share Transfer Agents (RTAs) and the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI). The final framework also incorporates feedback received pursuant to the consultation paper issued by SEBI on 12 March 2026.

Creditor initiated insolvency

 Based on the article “Creditor-Initiated Insolvency: Cure or Catastrophe?” by Venkateshwara Perumal and Naganathan Iyer, published in Corporate Professionals Today (Vol. 66, May 16–22, 2026), here is a professional review:

Review: Creditor-Initiated Insolvency – Reform or Regulatory Overreach?

The article “Creditor-Initiated Insolvency: Cure or Catastrophe?” presents a thoughtful and incisive examination of the proposed Creditor-Initiated Insolvency Resolution Process (CIIRP) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code framework. At a time when policymakers are searching for solutions to mounting delays within India's insolvency ecosystem, the authors offer a timely critique of a reform that promises efficiency but may ultimately aggravate the very problems it seeks to resolve.

The article begins by contextualising the proposal against the backdrop of increasing stress within the insolvency regime. The authors note the growing backlog of cases before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), the elongation of resolution timelines, and the diminishing recovery rates that have raised concerns regarding the effectiveness of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. Against this setting, CIIRP is introduced as a mechanism intended to incorporate elements of the Debtor-in-Possession (DIP) model while allowing creditors to initiate proceedings.

One of the article’s principal strengths lies in its structured analysis. The authors first revisit the original promise of the IBC and then systematically evaluate previous reform efforts, including the Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process (PPIRP), which achieved only limited success. This historical perspective lends credibility to their scepticism regarding another experimental framework being introduced without adequately addressing underlying structural issues.

The discussion on the design of CIIRP is particularly compelling. The authors argue that the model attempts to blend creditor control with debtor management, creating inherent contradictions in governance and accountability. They contend that allowing existing management to retain operational control while proceedings are creditor-driven may create conflicts of interest, increase litigation, and complicate decision-making. The article persuasively suggests that such a hybrid structure risks importing the weaknesses of both creditor-controlled and debtor-controlled systems without fully capturing the advantages of either.

Equally noteworthy is the comparative analysis of international Debtor-in-Possession regimes. Drawing lessons from jurisdictions such as the United States and Singapore, the authors demonstrate that successful DIP frameworks depend upon mature credit markets, sophisticated rescue financing mechanisms, and strong judicial oversight. The article convincingly argues that these preconditions are not yet sufficiently developed in India, making a straightforward transplantation of DIP-inspired concepts potentially problematic.

The article’s empirical orientation further strengthens its arguments. Rather than relying solely on theoretical concerns, the authors anchor their critique in available insolvency data, resolution statistics, and practical experience under existing mechanisms. This evidence-based approach enhances the article’s analytical rigour and makes its conclusions more persuasive.

Perhaps the most significant contribution of the article is its broader policy message. The authors caution against viewing procedural innovation as a substitute for institutional reform. They argue that persistent delays, judicial capacity constraints, and market inefficiencies cannot be resolved merely by introducing new insolvency processes. Instead, they advocate strengthening existing mechanisms and improving implementation before embarking on another major legislative experiment.

In conclusion, “Creditor-Initiated Insolvency: Cure or Catastrophe?” is a well-researched, logically argued, and highly relevant contribution to contemporary insolvency discourse. While its conclusions are decidedly critical of CIIRP, the critique remains balanced and grounded in evidence. The article succeeds in stimulating debate on the future direction of India's insolvency regime and serves as essential reading for insolvency professionals, corporate lawyers, policymakers, and academics interested in the evolution of the IBC framework.

Overall Assessment: An insightful and persuasive analysis that challenges the assumption that regulatory innovation alone can cure systemic inefficiencies. The article makes a compelling case for prioritising institutional strengthening over the introduction of yet another insolvency experiment.

CCPA Imposes ₹15 Lakh Penalty on Coaching Institute for Misleading Advertisement

 The Central Consumer Protection Authority (“CCPA”) has issued a final order imposing a monetary penalty of ₹15,00,000 (Rupees Fifteen Lakh only) upon Vajirao and Reddy Institute for publishing misleading advertisements in connection with the Union Public Service Commission Civil Services Examination (“CSE”), 2023. The Authority concluded that the Institute had deliberately suppressed material particulars in its advertisements, specifically the precise course(s) undertaken by the successful candidates whose names and images were prominently displayed.

Immediately following the declaration of the CSE 2023 results on 16.04.2024, the Institute published the following claims on its official website, alongside the names and photographs of candidates who had qualified:

• “Over 645 Selections Out of 1016 Vacancies in UPSC CSE 2023 From Vajirao & Reddy Institute”

• “6 in Top 10 AIR”

• “35 in Top 50 AIR”

• “64 in Top 100 AIR”

Simultaneously, the Institute advertised a range of courses offered by it, including the GS/Complete Course/Foundation Course, Pre-Foundation Course, Weekend Course, Optional Subject Course, and GS Pre-cum-Mains Course. The CCPA observed that the juxtaposition of the above claims with advertisements for its regular classroom programmes created a representation that all successful candidates had enrolled in, and benefited from, these comprehensive courses.

Concealment of Material Information and Violation of Consumer Rights

The Authority observed that the determination of what constitutes “material” or “important” information in an advertisement must be assessed from the standpoint of a reasonable consumer, and necessarily varies depending upon the factual matrix of each case. In the present matter, the specific course opted for by a successful candidate was held to be material information for an aspirant preparing for the Civil Services Examination.

The non-disclosure of such information had the effect of creating a misleading impression that the successful candidates were trained by the Institute throughout all stages of the examination—namely, the Preliminary, Mains, and Interview stages—when, in fact, such representation was not substantiated by the record. The omission of this crucial detail materially impaired the ability of prospective aspirants to evaluate the scope, efficacy, and quality of the Institute’s services.

The CCPA held that such deliberate suppression of material facts adversely affects the consumer’s right to make an informed choice regarding enrolment and stage-specific preparation. The omission amounted to concealment within the meaning of Section 2(9) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, thereby constituting a violation of statutory consumer rights.

Discrepancies in Enrolment Documentation

In the course of proceedings, the Authority scrutinized the enrolment forms of the successful candidates produced by the Institute. It was found that 431 enrolment forms failed to specify the course(s) in which the concerned candidates had enrolled. Additionally, these forms did not record the date of enrolment. Upon being called upon to clarify these discrepancies, the Institute failed to furnish any satisfactory explanation. It also did not produce corroborative documentary evidence, including fee receipts or other contemporaneous records, to substantiate its assertions.

The absence of complete enrolment particulars and supporting documentation raised serious concerns regarding the authenticity and veracity of the claims made in the advertisements vis-à-vis the documents submitted before the Authority.

With respect to the remaining enrolment forms that did specify course names, a substantial number reflected enrolment only in the “Interview Guidance Programme” or “Mock Interview” module. As per the Institute’s own submissions, these candidates had enrolled exclusively for interview-stage guidance, which is conducted after clearing the Preliminary and Mains examinations. This indicates that such candidates had independently qualified through the earlier stages of the examination and had approached the Institute solely for limited assistance at the final stage.

In these circumstances, the advertisement created a misleading impression as to the extent and nature of academic services actually rendered by the Institute to the successful candidates.

Repeat Contravention and Enhanced Penalty

The CCPA further took note of the fact that the Institute had previously been proceeded against for publishing misleading advertisements concerning the CSE 2022 results, pursuant to which a penalty of ₹7,00,000 had been imposed. Despite prior regulatory intervention and caution, the Institute continued to disseminate substantially similar claims in relation to CSE 2023, evidencing a pattern of non-compliance and lack of due diligence.

In view of the recurring nature of the contravention, the present violation was treated as a subsequent offence, warranting the imposition of an enhanced penalty in furtherance of consumer protection objectives.

The Authority also recorded that approximately 11,00,000 candidates apply for the Civil Services Examination annually, underscoring the vast consumer base potentially influenced by such representations. Aspirants and their families invest considerable time, effort, and financial resources in preparation for competitive examinations of this magnitude. Any deliberate concealment or misrepresentation in advertisements, particularly those relating to success rates and rank claims, has the propensity to create false expectations and materially distort consumer decision-making.

Accordingly, the CCPA concluded that the impugned advertisements were misleading in nature and imposed the aforesaid penalty to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers.

NSE Circular - single filing system

 This circular informs listed entities about the extension of the single filing system (via API-based integration between stock exchanges) to additional disclosures under Regulation 30 of SEBI (LODR) Regulations, 2015, effective February 21, 2026.

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Key Highlights

1️⃣ Extension of Single Filing System (XBRL Filings)

The single filing system has now been extended to cover certain Regulation 30 events in XBRL format, including:

• Fraud / Default / Arrest disclosures

• Corporate Debt Restructuring

• Resolution plans / Inter-Creditors Agreement (ICA)

• One Time Settlement (OTS)

• Issue Summary Document (ISD) – Buyback (Open & Tender Route)

⚠ Important Note:
Despite the XBRL integration, PDF filings for these Regulation 30 events must continue to be filed separately with both Exchanges until further notice.

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2️⃣ Other Disclosures Already Covered Under Single Filing

The circular also reiterates that the single filing system is available for the following:

• Integrated Filing – Financials

• Annual Secretarial Compliance Report

• Integrated Filing – Governance

• Meetings of Shareholders & Voting Results

• Reconciliation of Share Capital Audit Report

• Investor Grievance Report

(Some applicability varies for Equity, Equity+Debt, Exclusively Debt, REITs and INVITs, as mentioned in the circular table.)

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3️⃣ Scope Limitation

Currently, only the specific XBRL events listed in the table are covered under single filing for Regulation 30.

For:

• Any other Regulation 30 events not listed
  👉 Listed entities must continue making submissions separately to each Exchange.

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4️⃣ Compliance Guidance

• Listed entities are advised to avoid duplicate filings where single filing is enabled.

• If clarification is sought by any one Exchange, the entity must respond directly to that Exchange.

• For queries, entities may use the NEAPS platform or email takeover@nse.co.in.

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Overall Purpose of the Circular

The circular aims to:

• Streamline compliance

• Reduce duplication of filings

• Enhance efficiency via API-based integration between Exchanges

• Gradually transition toward a unified disclosure framework

However, until further notice, a hybrid system (XBRL + separate PDF filing) continues for certain disclosures.

SEZ Rules 2026

 

The Government of India, through the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department of Commerce), has notified the Special Economic Zones Rules, 2026 vide G.S.R. 114(E) dated 3 February 2026

This amendment introduces a significant procedural reform under the Special Economic Zones Rules, 2006, specifically concerning units operating in International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs).

A new sub-rule 19(1A) has been inserted, empowering the Administrator (IFSCA) to issue a Letter of Approval (LoA) in newly introduced Form GA for setting up units in an International Financial Services Centre

Correspondingly, Form GA has been formally incorporated into the SEZ Rules as the prescribed format for granting such approvals.

The notification lays down:

• The authority and process for issuance of the Letter of Approval by the Administrator (IFSCA).

• The validity framework of the LoA (initial one-year validity for implementation; five years from commencement of operations).

• Mandatory compliance with the SEZ Act, 2005 and SEZ Rules, 2006.

• Execution of Bond-cum-Legal Undertaking.

• Requirement of obtaining all statutory and regulatory approvals, including from the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).

• Conditions governing authorised operations, exports of financial services, domestic tariff area supplies, pollution control compliance, renewal or exit options, and cancellation provisions for non-compliance.

This amendment formalizes and streamlines the approval mechanism for IFSC units within SEZs—particularly in GIFT City—by clearly defining the administrative authority, procedural structure, and compliance framework.

Overall, the Special Economic Zones Rules, 2026 strengthen regulatory clarity and institutional alignment between SEZ administration and IFSC governance, thereby facilitating structured growth of India’s international financial services ecosystem.

New definition of Start Ups

 DPIIT Issues Revised Startup & Deep Tech Startup Framework | Notification dated 4 February 2026

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, through the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), has issued Notification G.S.R. 108(E) dated 4 February 2026, superseding the earlier Notification dated 19 February 2019.

Key Highlights:

1. Revised Definition of “Startup”
An entity shall qualify as a Startup if it:

• Is incorporated as a Private Limited Company, LLP, Partnership Firm, Multi-State Cooperative Society, or Cooperative Society in India;

• Is within 10 years from incorporation/registration;

• Has turnover not exceeding ₹200 crore in any financial year since incorporation; and

• Is engaged in innovation, development, improvement of products/services/processes, or operates a scalable business model with high employment or wealth creation potential.

An entity formed by splitting or reconstruction of an existing business shall not qualify.

2. Introduction of “Deep Tech Startup” Category
A Deep Tech Startup:

• May qualify for up to 20 years from incorporation;

• May have turnover up to ₹300 crore;

• Must demonstrate high R&D intensity, ownership/creation of significant IP, scientific/engineering innovation, long gestation cycles, and technical uncertainty.

Deep Tech Startups are deemed Startups for all purposes unless otherwise specified.

3. Recognition Process
Recognition shall be granted by DPIIT upon application through its portal, subject to document verification and inquiry.

4. Certification under Section 80-IAC of the Income-tax Act
Eligible Startups (Private Limited Companies and LLPs) may apply to the Inter-Ministerial Board for certification for tax benefits under Section 80-IAC of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (noting that the Income-tax Act, 2025 shall apply from 1 April 2026).

5. Restrictions on Deployment of Funds
Recognised Startups are prohibited, during the recognition period, from investing in specified non-core assets such as:

• Residential property (with limited exceptions),

• Non-core land/buildings,

• Loans and advances (except in ordinary course),

• Speculative assets,

• Luxury assets, high-value vehicles, jewellery (unless stock-in-trade).

6. Revocation & Relaxation
Certification may be revoked if obtained through false information. The Central Government retains powers to relax or modify conditions in special circumstances.

Effective Date: The notification is effective from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette (4 February 2026).

Maha abolishes NA permission

🏡 Maharashtra Abolishes NA Permission and Annual NA Tax
Government Resolution dated 10 February 2026

The Revenue and Forest Department of the Government of Maharashtra has issued a significant Government Resolution pursuant to the amendments introduced under the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code (Second Amendment), 2025, effecting substantial reforms in the regulatory framework governing non-agricultural (“NA”) land use within the State.

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1. Dispensation with Separate NA Permission

Where development permission or approval of building plans has been duly granted under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (“MRTP Act”), the requirement of obtaining a separate NA permission or NA sanad from the jurisdictional Collector under the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code stands dispensed with.

Accordingly, the grant of development permission under the MRTP Act shall be deemed sufficient authorization for non-agricultural use of the subject land.

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2. Abolition of Annual NA Tax and Waiver of Arrears

The annual non-agricultural assessment (NA tax) hitherto leviable on non-agricultural lands has been abolished with immediate effect.

Further, all outstanding NA tax dues up to the date of enforcement of the amendment have been waived, thereby extinguishing existing arrears.

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3. Introduction of One-Time Conversion Premium

In substitution of the recurring NA tax, a one-time conversion premium shall be levied, calculated on the basis of the land area and prevailing market value, at the following rates:

• Up to 1,000 sq. m. — 0.90%

• 1,001 to 4,000 sq. m. — 0.25%

• Above 4,000 sq. m. (approximately 1 acre and above) — 0.50%

The premium shall be payable at the time of conversion and shall constitute full and final discharge of liability towards non-agricultural assessment.

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4. Apportionment of Premium Revenue

The conversion premium collected shall be apportioned between the State Government and the concerned local authority in the following manner:

• Class “A” Municipal Corporations — 30% to the Municipal Corporation

• Other Municipal Councils / Nagar Panchayats — 50% to the local body

• Gram Panchayat areas — 50% to the Zilla Parishad, to be shared equally with the Gram Panchayat

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5. Directions to Banks and Financial Institutions

Banks and financial institutions shall not insist upon production of an NA sanad as a precondition for extending credit facilities, provided that valid development permission under the MRTP Act has been granted.

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Legal and Practical Implications

• Elimination of duplicative approvals under separate statutory regimes.

• Reduction in procedural delays and compliance burden for landholders and developers.

• Replacement of recurring assessment with a transparent, one-time fiscal levy.

• Strengthening of local self-governance institutions through structured revenue sharing.

This reform represents a material shift in Maharashtra’s land administration regime and aligns regulatory processes with the principles of administrative efficiency and ease of doing business.

Source: Government Resolution, Revenue & Forest Department, Government of Maharashtra, dated 10 February 2026.

 

Just a Matter of Time

This post is written in the Ainu language, spoken by the Ainu people in northern Japan

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Ainu (condensed):

“James Hadley Chase an ne pukusa kar kamuy. ‘Just a Matter of Time’ ne ruwe ne. Apehci wa yaykot, karanke apeok pe yak-un neno wa utar un. Tura ka an pe wa wenne utar, kamuy ruwe ne. Wenramaspe, wenne wenka, pi nenukar wa rampe kamuy.

Kor okkaypo an, matne an, somo pirka paye utar ka an. Somo pirka wenne inkar wa, kor kamuy sirpirka an. Pira ne wa pira ne, ruyne an. Ipe an ruwe ne.

Chase an ne kamuy wenramaspe ramuy. Ene anakne itak an. Ine ramuy ka utar a=neyne wa, an=kor ramuy.”

The Sacred Games

 This post is translated into the Afro-Seminole Creole language spoken by Seminoles in the region of Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico.

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“Sacred Games,” dat big book Vikram Chandra write, tell ’bout Bombay life — full up crime, politick, spirit, an’ people lookin’ fo’ meanin. 

Story follow two man: Sartaj Singh, police man tire an’ full o’ doubt, an’ Ganesh Gaitonde, gangster big an’ loud. One day Sartaj get secret word, he find Gaitonde hide place, an’ from dere story grow wide — bring in terror, spy, love, faith, an’ big history o’ India. 

Book show how law an’ crime mix up, how power an’ hunger shape man. Sartaj weak, not no hero; Gaitonde bad, but strong an’ lonely. Bombay show like real big stage — chawl, slum, studio, rich house, underworld — all together. 

Sometime book run fast, sometime it slow, but it always full o’ life. Chandra mix many tongue — Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, street talk — inside English, make it sound true. At heart, book ax same question again: what power mean? how much it cost to live? where redemption hide? 

“Sacred Games” be gangster tale, police story, politic, an’ spirit journey, all one. Hard read sometime, but deep an’ big like India self.”

The Seventh Seal

 This post is written in the Afrikaans language spoken in South Africa and Namibia. 

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Ingmar Bergman se The Seventh Seal (Det sjunde inseglet) is ’n sober maar diep poëtiese besinning oor sterflikheid, geloof en die menslike toestand. Vrygestel in 1957, het die film aan die wêreld van sy mees ikoniese beelde gegee, veral die onvergeetlike skaakspel tussen ’n moë ridder en die personifikasie van die Dood.

Gesetel in die Middeleeuse Swede tydens die Swart Dood, volg die verhaal Antonius Block (Max von Sydow), ’n ontnugterde ridder wat van die Kruistogte terugkeer net om sy vaderland verwoes deur pes, vrees en geestelike verlateheid te vind. Saam met sy pragmatiese wapenkneg Jöns (Gunnar Björnstrand), worstel Block met vrae oor bestaan, geloof en die stilte van God. Wanneer die Dood (Bengt Ekerot) – gekap, bleek en kalm – kom om hom te eis, daag Block hom uit tot ’n skaakspel, in die hoop om sy lot uit te stel terwyl hy na betekenis en ’n bietjie sekerheid van ’n goddelike teenwoordigheid soek.

Op sy reis ontmoet die ridder en sy wapenkneg ’n rondtrekkende groep akteurs – Jof (Nils Poppe), sy vrou Mia (Bibi Andersson), en hul baba – wie se eenvoudige vreugdes en onskuld in skerp kontras staan met die alomteenwoordige vrees, bygeloof en wreedheid van die tyd. Die film beweeg episodiese voort, met tonele wat wissel van grotesk (selfkastyders, heksebrandstapels) tot teer (die ridder wat aarbeie en melk met Jof en Mia deel).

Uiteindelik bereik die skaakspel sy einde, maar die film laat ons agter met sowel ’n spookagtige beeld van sterflikheid as ’n dowwe straaltjie hoop deur die oorlewing van die onskuldige gesin. Die kernkonflik is nie tussen lewe en dood nie, maar tussen geloof en ongeloof. Block smag daarna om in God te glo, maar word net met goddelike stilte gekonfronteer. Sy geestelike kwelling staan in kontras met Jöns, wat geloof geheel verwerp, en Jof en Mia, wat die eenvoudige vreugdes van die lewe omhels sonder pyniging.

Die Dood is alomteenwoordig – nie net as ’n karakter nie, maar as ’n eksistensiële waarheid. Die skaakspel simboliseer die mensdom se vrugteloosheid om sterflikheid te probeer uitoorlê. Tog word die Dood nie as boos uitgebeeld nie; hy is hoflik, kalm en onafwendbaar. Die Swart Dood is sowel letterlik as simbolies – ’n agtergrond wat menslike vrese, godsdienstige histerie en die soeke na betekenis in ’n wêreld wat blykbaar deur God verlaat is, vergroot.

Jof en Mia se oorlewing verteenwoordig Bergman se geloof in die verlossende krag van kuns, gesin en liefde. Hul finale ontsnapping suggereer dat, selfs al bied intellektuele vrae geen antwoorde nie, menslike teerheid tog troos kan bring. Max von Sydow, in sy deurbraakrol, vertolk die gekwelde ridder met ’n kragtige mengsel van stoïsisme en kwesbaarheid. Gunnar Björnstrand as Jöns bied ’n noodsaaklike teenwig: sardonies, skepties en dikwels donker-humoristies, wat die film se filosofiese gewig aards hou. Bengt Ekerot as die Dood is ysig maar vreemd simpatiek, met sy kalm stem en skerp grimering wat een van die mees blywende personifikasies in die filmgeskiedenis skep. Bibi Andersson en Nils Poppe bring warmte en lig as Mia en Jof, en beliggaam die moontlikheid van hoop in ’n sombere wêreld.

Kameraman Gunnar Fischer skep van die mees treffende swart-en-wit beelde in filmgeskiedenis. Die komposisies is sober, dikwels herinnerend aan Middeleeuse houtgravures, en die chiaroscuro-belighting beklemtoon die spanning tussen lig (hoop, lewe, onskuld) en donker (dood, wanhoop, twyfel). Die ikoniese tonele – die ridder wat skaak speel op ’n verlate strand, die heks wat verbrand word, die “Dans van die Dood” op die heuwel – is in die kollektiewe geheue van die rolprentwêreld ingebrand. Die tempo is doelbewus, byna ritueel, en weerspieël die temas van onafwendbaarheid en geestelike soeke.

The Seventh Seal is nie bloot ’n film nie maar ’n meditasie, ’n allegoriese reis wat kykers dwing om hul eie sterflikheid en geloof onder oë te sien. Dit ossilleer tussen wanhoop en hoop, vrees en teerheid, stilte en lied. Al is dit geanker in Middeleeuse beelde, bly die filosofiese vrae tydloos. Om dit vandag te kyk, tref ’n mens nie net sy sober skoonheid nie, maar ook sy weiering om maklike antwoorde te bied – en laat ons, soos Antonius Block, vasgevang tussen die stilte van God en die lag van kinders, tussen die sekerheid van dood en die brose vreugde van lewe.

A River ran out of Eden

This text is written in Afar language which is a lowland East Cushitic language spoken by people of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. 

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*“A River Ran out of Eden” kee James Vance Marshall 1962 inkih tanim kee Alaska bahri gide keena gideh tanim yaaba. Tanim abba Jim, abba xinna gideh inkih, nafa kee edde sinni kinnino. Keh xinnimih gideh albuuk keenih raaqa, amaanih edde sinni giddo gideh fayya.

Baxaal kee damma gideh tanim, baxaalih maayih kayna keenih baxa, Jim edde sinni gideh inkih badih gideh waasa. Tanim baxaal edde sinni xinna kee nafa gideh kee xaylo xiqe.

Tanimih xaylo: nafa kee gedo kee abba kee ilma gideh waasa, baxaal kee gidih baxxa, caxxa kee nafqa. Tanim baxaal edde sinni nafqa kee baxa xiqeenih yaaba.

Marshall tanim qafar kinni: usuk baxaalih edde sinni yemmile, nafqa kee damma edde sinni, caxxa kee usuk baxxa kee xiqeenih yaaba. Tanim edde sinni nafa giddo usuk edde sinni.”*

Smiles of a Summer Night

This post is written in the Adyghe language, which is of the one of the two main languages in the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation 

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«Ингмар Бергман» зэрыф1эк1уи гъэщIэ зэхэщIэ къэралъэу хъуадзэм, тхьэм и Iуэгъэхэр, фэкъуи зэгъэкIуэхэм къыщIэнщ. Абы 1955-тэм «Нобэ къэуагъэ шъхьэщхьэрэ» (Smiles of a Summer Night) йыщIэн, щхьэкIум икъуэхэу, комедиеу зэрэщIэн, унэ хъуагъэу къыдэлъэгъу щыIэр. Фильмым и шъхьэщхьэрэ 1900-тыхъэм Швециеи, пщIэ фIыжьэм, пхъуэм, къызэIуэхэм и зэрыщхьэкIуэхэм къыщIэнщ.

И пхъэр фIыцIэр Фредрик Эгерман, щIалъэ къэралъэ, къызыхьэм щIэныгъэ Аннэ-м щыIэр. Мы шъхьэщхьэрэу зэрыIуэхэм къыпIэрэнщ, фIыцIэрым икъуэт, фIыцIэ къэралъэм сын шIалэм – Хенрик – фIыцIэ богослов шъуэщIэ, зэрыщIэрэ щхьэхъу. ПщIэу Дэзирэ Армфельдт – щхьэкIу артисткэм – тIуэкIуи къызэгъэтх, пхъуэм зэрыщIэкIуэм. ПщIэу хуейр хьэм фIыцIэм, зэрыфIэкIуи пщIэ, шъхьэщхьэрэ къызэгъэтхэр: пхъуэм, зэрыщIэкIуэхэм, щIыщхьэкIу дуэльхэм, и зэрыщIэкIу пщIэ хъуэдэжьхэм.

Фильмым «три шъхьэщхьэрэ» щIыгъэу еплъыну: йыIэуэр – къызэрыIуэхэм, щIалъэуэр – къызэпчъалъхэм, къалэмрэ – къызэпщIиIэрэу. Мы и щхьэщхьэрэу комедиеу, къызэIуэуи шъхьэщхьэрэу къыдэлъэгъу.

Бергманым еплъащ «щIэм и щхьэщхьэрэ», пхъуэм и къыIуэхэм, щхьэ къызэрэшъхьэщIэрэ, пхъуэм, къызэрыIуэхэм и къызэIуэрэу къыщIэрэ. Актёрахэр Гуннар Бьёрнстранд (Фредрик), Улла Якобссон (Аннэ), Эва Дальбек (Дэзирэ), Харриэт Андерссон (Петра) зэIуэу къызэгъэтхэн.

Оператор Гуннар Фишер шъхьэщхьэрэ зэрэпщIиIэрэу къызэгъэтх, шъхьэщхьэрэу шъуэщхьэм, нобэ фIыжьэм.

Фильмым «Моцарт» и «Фигаро и жъуэгъэ» щIыгъэу, пхъуэм и зэрыщIэкIуэхэм пщIэу къызэгъэтхэн. «Нобэ къэуагъэ шъхьэщхьэрэ» къызэгъэтхэну пхъуэ, къызэгъэтхэну щIэм, пщIэу къызэгъэтхэну хъуадзэу.

Akam

This post is written in Adele language spoken in West Africa in Ghana and Togo.  

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Akam be Shalini Usha Nair kɔ. Eŋa Malayalam film be nyagba, a yɛ kɛta fa kpɛle kpɛle folklore kɔ Yakshi. Srini (Fahadh Faasil) yɛ nɔ a wɔ yɛ architect. Yaa yɛ gbɔɔ nɔ, ke yɛ kɔɔ lɛle accident, nya fiancée taa lɛɛ. Ragini (Anumol) kɔ nɔ gbɔ, eŋa yɛ nyagba nɔ, kpɔkpɔ nɔ. Nɔ yɛ Ragini ŋmaa, ke yɛ hɔɔ kpɛle paranoia, nɔ taa yɛ yakshi. Film nɔ kpɛle folklore kɔ psychology, yɛ yɛɛ kpɛle love, fear, yɛ hɔɔ nɔ lɛ.

The Man with the Golden Arm

This post is translated into Abujmaria language which is a Dravidian dialect of the Maria language and spoken in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states of India. Since there is no script of Abujmaria language, the translation is done in Devanagri script. 

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ओट्टो प्रीमिंगर ला डायरेक्ट करे रइथे अउ नेल्सन एल्ग्रेन के 1949 के नावेल ऊपर आधार करे रइथे, "सोने क हाथ वाला मन" अमरीकी सिनेमा म एक ठो माइलस्टोन आय – हिम्मतवार बिषय अउ कलात्मक नवाचार के बर.

इहाँ फ्रैंक सिनात्रा अपन जिनगी के सबले बढ़िया अभिनय म एक ठो करे हे. पिक्चर म लत, मोक्ष अउ जंग के बाद के अमरीका म सहर के दुख-तकलीफ के बोझ ला देखाय गे हे.

कहानी फ्रैंकी मशीन (फ्रैंक सिनात्रा) के बारे म हवय, जऊन कार्ड बांटे म निपुण अउ जैज़ ढोलक बजइया हवय. उ जेल ले निकले के बाद हेरोइन के लत के इलाज कराय हवय. उ अपन शिकागो मोहल्ला ल वापस आथे अउ तय करथे के सीधे रहिही: अपन नवा जिनगी बनाए, ढोलकिया बने के सपना पूरा करे अउ जुआ अउ नशा के गंदा दुनिया ल छोड़ दे.

बाकी बाधा ह सामने खड़ा हो जाथे. ओकर धोखेबाज अउ लाचारी म बंधे बइठे घरवाली जोश (एलेनोर पार्कर) ओकर अपराध भावना के फायदा उठाके ओकर ऊपर पकड़ बनाके बइठे हवय. ओकर जुन्ना अंडरवर्ल्ड साथी – खासकर गंदा कार्ड ठग श्विफ्का (रॉबर्ट स्ट्रॉस) अउ खतरनाक नशा बेचइया लुई (डैरेन मैकगैविन) – ओकर ला फिर ले पुराना जिनगी म खींचत हवंय.

इसीच म, पड़ोसी अउ जुन्ना प्रेम Molly (किम नोवाक) ओकर बर नवा आशा लेके आथे.

फिल्म के मुख्य बिषय ह लत, मनखे के कमजोरी अउ निर्भरता अउ भ्रष्टाचार के चक्र ले बचे के कठिनाई आय. येकर म आसान हल नइ हे, बलकि पुनःगिरना, प्रलोभन अउ समाजिक फंसाव के कठोर सच्चाई ल देखाथे.

फ्रैंक सिनात्रा के अभिनय अतका जोरदार आय के ओकर गाना-बजाना वाला छवि ल उतार देथे अउ उ लतिया के दर्द, लाचारपन अउ मजबूती के रूप म नजर आथे. ओकरा जब लत तोड़त दिखाय गे – पसीना बहावत, कांपत अउ पीरा म छटपटावत – उ उस जमाना बर क्रांतिकारी दृश्य रिहिस अउ आज घलो डरावना लगथे.

एलेनोर पार्कर के जोश वाला किरदार ह चालाक अउ बेरहम आय. ओकर अभिनय म दया अउ क्रूरता दूनों मिलके देखाय देथे. किम नोवाक, Molly के रूप म नरम ताकत अउ गर्मी ले भरपूर हवय, जऊन जोश के जहरीले पकड़ के विपरीत आय.

डैरेन मैकगैविन खौफनाक लुई के रूप म डरावना लागथे. ओकर उपस्थिति ह नशाखोर मन ल फंसा के रखे वाला तंत्र के प्रतीक आय.

ओट्टो प्रीमिंगर, जऊन विषय ल समाज म लंबे समय तक वर्जित मानल गे रहिस, ओकरा ला सामने रखे हवय.

शैलीगत तत्त्व:

• सिनेमैटोग्राफी (सैम लेविट): कड़क, अंधियार अउ नोइर-शैली के रोशनी, फ्रैंकी के मोहल्ला के घुटन अउ गंदगी ला पकड़थे.

• संगीत (एल्मर बर्नस्टीन): जैज़-भरे संगीत ह पिक्चर के सबसे चिन्हारी हिस्सा आय. जोरदार, चमकदार अउ ताल-बेताल धुन, फ्रैंकी के ढोलकिया प्रतिभा अउ लत के अस्थिर लय ल झलकाथे.

फिल्म ला तीन एकेडमी अवार्ड बर नामांकित करे गे रहिस:

• सबसे बढ़िया अभिनेता (सिनात्रा)

• सबसे बढ़िया कला निर्देशन

• सबसे बढ़िया संगीत

"सोने क हाथ वाला मन" अमरीकी सिनेमा म एक ठो माइलस्टोन हवय: निडर, कलात्मक अउ गहरा भावनात्मक. फ्रैंक सिनात्रा के जबरदस्त अभिनय अउ ओट्टो प्रीमिंगर के साहसी निर्देशन ले ये फिल्म आज घलो नशा अउ मोक्ष के संघर्ष के डरावना चित्रन करथे.

The Yearling

This text is written in the Abkhaz language, a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mostly in Abkhazia (Georgia) and Turkey 

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Марҕори Киннан Роулиҕс и роман «Аҿыкəаҩы» (1938), Пулитцер ииааира ҟазҵаз, аныха аԥхьагылашьтә ыԥсҭазаара иазкны ихыԥхьыз, анаҩсгьы аибашьра ашьҭахьтәи Флорида, ибаӷәӡаки аӡиасқәаки зрықәшәо, игәыӷшаз аџьыкь зхымадо ақыҭантәи ԥсҭазаара ааԥхьара дууп. Роулиҕс аурыс-лирикактәи аҳәара, агәаҵа дҵагатә еиларгеи, абарҭ урҭ зегьы ала, аҭҵаарадырратә стиль хаз онтала икылҵоит.

Ароман иаҟны ахатә ҭынха — Ацентр Флорида аџьыкь зныҟәо ашәаҳәа, иахьынӡақәнагоугьы имариам, абиԥара маҷқәа ржәытә-ҭоурыхтә ҭыԥ. Уа иҟоуп ҧсра-ҵасра, ацәқәа, аҵиаақәа, ацәаҳәақәа ирызҿлымҳа. Роулиҕс урҭ зегьы игәиҭоуп игәыӷша ҳәаны, агәашаарагьы аӡыԥшьрагьы ртәы ҳəааӡо. Аҧсы ахьӡала уажәраанӡатәи аҵакы ҳаракы амоуп — алаҵаҵәҟьа, ԥсҭазаара аԥхьаӡа изқәнагоу, ауаа ргәы иҭоу ршәыҕьыц.

Аповестиаҿы ари аԥсҭазаара иақәырҵеит Џоди Бакстер, ф-ныҳәа аҵыхәтәантәи 12 шықәса зхыҵуа аӡә, ицгәырҩа-ицқьоу, уи иҭаацәа — апапа Пенни мамзаргьы ан Ора Бакстер иахьиын. Урҭ ақыҭантәи уадаҩра ыҟазааргьы, аџьабаа рыжәлартәраҿы иахьыҩнан, усгьы еиқәырханы инықәшәаӡомызт. Џоди, ҳаҭыр ҳәаны, ихәҭакны аԥышәарақәа реиқәырхаразы, ауаҩыратә еизыҟазаашьа бзиа дԥышәатәуп ҳәа ихы иҳәоит. Усҟан, Пенни иабшьҭрак ала рҿаҩратәраҿы, аӡӷаб лҭахоит, уи лԥаӡы илеишаны, аӷаб ибаҩра излеишаз а-ҟәҵ Flag даҩнахуеит. Уи ала, Џьоди иԥсҭазаараҿы иҩызатәра, ачхара ду ахуп.

Аӡыԥшьра ала Flag аҽеиҵароуп, адәқь ианаамҭоуи ауадаҩра бзиак иаҵагало ҭагылазаашьақәа ирылацәажәоит. Уи ианхыҵуа аҽны, Flag аџьаԥшыра маҷқәас аилаԥшра ҟанаҵоит, хазина-лҵшәарақәа реилҵашьа рацәоуп. Аха иара аҭаацәаны рыцхыраагӡароуп азы, аиқәырхара рыԥраало излеилыркаауа аагара ҟанаҵоит. Ароман аҵыхәтәан ианыхьӡалак, Џьоди излалшо зегь ықәиҵоит ахьаадҳәалара, иаԥсара ишәҭо иҟанаҵоит. Иара убри аҩыза алшара ԥсҭазаараҿы иҿыцу аҭагылазаашьа изҭанаҵаауеит.

Ароман аҟны агәаҵа-ҵагатә қәыԥшра, агәра згартә ыбжьара, иагьацәыӡу аҭагылазаашьа, ртәы ахҳәалара ахуп. Џоди и-Flag еизыҟазаашьа — абызшәа шәаҟо еиҳа инагӡаҵәҟьа: акрызшәа цәыӡуа аҿар, еиҧшымҭакәа, иаҩызахоит. Иаҳӡоитгьы ахатә ԥсҭазаара иақәныҟәо ԥсра-ҵасра, аха Penny — алафысҭақәа ирықәшаҳаҭу, ауаҩырахьтә цхыраагӡа ӷәӷәа, илаҧш бзиоу, дҳәоугьы дҭынха. Ора — иҟаҵо ус иманы изҳауа, уигьы Џьоди идҵашьа ҿыц цәырҵо.

Џоди изгәаӷьша, Flag дыдгыло, мамзаргьы ашьхаа руаажәларра рҿы аԥсшьаҩцәа — зегьы хымԥада адунеи иаҵанакуа ауаажәларратә еизыҟазаашьа азыӡырҩхоит.

Роулиҕс ишьҭоуп апоэтикатә, иҳалацәажәара зылшо, абиԥарақәа рџьынџьтәылатә дыргыларақәа рыӡбахә. Флорида аҳәаақәа, ашәарҭарақәа, аԥсыуаратә ҭоурыхтәра, аҵиаақәа — зегь зегь рыӡбахә ԥшӡала иҟанаҵоит. Адиалогқәа, «cracker» акультура иазхәыцуеижьҭеи, иӡбахә рыӡбалоит.

Ароман ихадаз — агәаҵа-ҵагатә ҩыза, аҟазаашьа ԥшӡоуп. Џьоди иԥсҭазаара залацәажәо — аҽеиҵаратә қәыԥшра аҟазшьа ҿыц иргәаӷьны, изеиԥшраз ахҭысқәа ирылацәажәоит. Уи аҭагылазаашьақәа зегьы ала, аповести ихадоу аԥышәара — аӡәы иԥсы ҭазшәа, игәы ҭазшәа, ԥсра-ҵасра реиқәырхара иазхәыцуеит.

«Аҿыкəаҩы» — ауаҩыра иахьыҟоу, агәра згартә џьабаатәра, амҩа ҿыц хәмарра, иҭоурыхтә ҳәамҭа дууп. Ароман аҧсҭазаараҿы иҵегьы аилкаара инамҭоуп — уанхәыцуагьы, иҵегьы угәы иҭоуп.

Ustad Hotel

This post is written in the Abaza language, a Northwest Caucasian language -  

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Абаза версиа:

Анвар Рашид я режиссёрра, Анжали Менон я сценарийра «Устад Хотел» фӀильм ара хӀара хӀар фӀильм я, абы хӀара кӀвакӀа дзыпкӀв, гӀвэчӀв, апцӀвыгъв. Ипэ хӀан кӀвакӀа хӀарара къвалэр, ызвэрира, зыщызгу арыпста.

История Файзи йа (Дулкар Салмаан) кӀвакӀа, ыбзэр зытӀу кӀвакӀа хьамыд гурман хӀамыд кӀвэзыщтӀв. Абы йащ кӀва, йащ кӀан, зыщызгу а кӀам иужь кӀваныгъу ахӀар зыхъу. Файзи Козикоде Кераларара йазкӀвэ, апэ деда Абдул Разакара (Тхилакана) кӀвакӀа йазшва, хӀанра «Устад Хотел» аракӀв кӀвакӀа, дзыхӀвэ бирьянира зэӀвыгъу апцӀв шъхьэтӀв.

Абэ деда хӀара кӀва, Файзира гъалгъачӀв. КӀвакӀа кӀваныгъу зэрыс, рецепт, техникра хӀанщ — абы кӀва, кӀаладзэ кӀуаныгъу, кӀваныгъу гъалхв, нэхъыщӀв кӀвакӀа.

ФӀильм хӀан кӀва кӀваныгъу зэӀфӀэ: абы иузшӀв зэщ, абы иужь кӀваныгъу, зыщызгу апцӀвыгъу. Дулкар Салмаанра кӀва Файзи и гъвэчыжвыр, и гӀвэчӀвыр. Тхилакана, деда кӀва, хӀара фӀильмра гъвэчӀв зэӀва: мудра, кӀвэчыгъу, дзыпкӀв.

Сценарий Анжали Менона кӀва иужь фӀэӀвэ — абы хъуам, гӀвэчӀв, философия хӀар гъалгъачӀв. КӀвакӀа абы фӀильмра персонаж кӀва: зэӀва, гӀвэчӀв, апцӀвыгъу.

Музыка, операторра ишъхьэ хӀан зэрыхьытӀв — Козикоде йазфӀэ, уад, уанэ, кухня, хӀан апцӀвыгъу.

«Устад Хотел» хӀара фӀильм арара хӀанщ: абы кӀвакӀа гъалгъачӀв, зыщызгу зэӀфӀэ, абы хӀара фӀильмра дзыпкӀв и кӀваныгъу.

South Karnataka

Had been to South Karnataka on a temple pilgrimage from week ending 6th June to 11th June 2009. Covered Kollur Mookambika, Murdeshwar, Dhareshwar, Idugunji, Shringeri, Dharamstala, Kukke Subrahmanya, Kateel and Udupi. Total distance covered in excess of 1000 kms. The scenery was breathtaking throughout the entire journey starting with drive from Kundapura railway station onwards. Dense and thick forests along the way all throughout was absolutely breathtaking. Udupi was a busy town, though other places where we halted for the night viz. Kollur and Kukke Subrahmanya left a lot to be desired. Power situation is absolutely poor in these parts. Food was no problem and in fact it was scintillatingly delightful. Karnataka is a mystery left to be discovered by one and all. It was indeed beautiful. The drive up to Shringeri was breathtaking and Shringeri itself was a delight in itself. What beautiful facilities have been created there a mix of the old and the new, the heritage stone temple being almost mystical. Kukke Subrahmanya was a surprise because there were book stalls inside the temple complex itself which is a new attraction for me. Picked up Gandhi's autobiography for just rs.95/- only. Got some more books from Udupi, there were some three small stalls where we purchased lots of books that we do not get otherwise in Bombay. At every place food was served free in the temple complex itself. The method of serving food was unique in all the places and the innovative methods adopted for serving at a time, more than 1000 persons deserves to be patented. Murdeshwar had a breathtaking statue of Shiva which was about 23 foot in height and near the Arabian Sea. There were other statues as well, which was an absolute wonder.

Shirdi and Shingneshwar

Had been to Shirdi over the weekend. It is a typical, chaotic temple town with all the amenities only on one stretch of road. Go any other place, the infrastructure reeks. We got darshan pretty quickly and went on to Shingneshwar temple, an abode for Shani which was about 75 kms as per the cabmaster, but definitely more than that. It took one and half hours each way, but the scenery was pretty good with agri crops sugarcane in plenty. That temple visit was also pretty fast. Shingneshwar is somewhat like Trimbakeshwar with decrepit infrastructure. No decent eating place. Shirdi does have a Dominoes, Reebok and Adidas showrooms, plenty of bank ATMs, but really the Shirdi Municipal authorities ought to do much more for the infrastructure there. I am sure they would have raking in crores of rupees due to temple tourism. Surely they could plough back something for the tourists' comforts. There are plenty of rooms available though, even of the A.C. variety. Drinking water is a problem though, recommend to have only mineral water. On the food side, there is a Woodlands, it is quite good, buts costs a bomb to have even a breakfast there. The bus journey going was okay but coming back was almost a nightmare with the a.c. bus breaking down in Sinnar a good 21 kms away from Nashik. From Nashik we got a non-a.c. to Mumbai reaching a good 15 hours after we set off, almost double the time.

Rab Ne Bana De Jodi

Rab ne Bana de Jodi is an utter crap movie, yet another from the Yash Chopra stable. It has no story line, too many dialogues, absolutely slow paced and ham handed acting from Shahrukh Khan, possibly his worst.

Quantum of Solace

Quantum of Solace must surely rank as one of the worst Bond movies of all time. A convoluted story of Bolivian coup makers, corruption and a dead-pan Daniel Craig make it a most boring movie. A bond movie without car chases, gadgetry is no fun at all. Only saving grace being Olga the Bond girl. Maybe the next Bond is a girl..

Oye Lucky....

Oye Lucky.... is an enthralling story of a small time burglar from a small town India, who continously evades the police with his ingenuity. Played delectably by abhay deol with three in one role by paresh rawal and sundry other small town cops, families etc. Oye Lucky is a delightfully watchable film.

Maharathi

Maharathi is a Hitchcockian type thriller, a plot which evolves all the time and keeps the viewer on the tenterhooks as much as the central protagonists, which were paresh rawal and boman irani with a delicious cameo by tara sharma, who plays the role of a sleep walking bumbling budding architect. Edge of the seat stuff.

Hello

Attempted to watch the Hindi movie "Hello" based on Chetan Bhagat's title "one night at a call centre". Had to give up within 20 minutes, it was utterly boring stuff

Shivaji - The Hero

Watched the Tamil movie, Shivaji, the Boss, starring who else, Rajnikanth. It is a mind bending kind of movie, with typical Rajni stunts interspaced with Tamil Afro pop, inane dialogues, Crouching Tiger type stunts, gravity defying, law of physics redefined mad movie which only Tamilians can afford to be aghast at.

Gurgaon

Been to Gurgaon mid-week. As compared to the hype, the city did not impress me at all. Roads were horrible, there is a permanent dust bowl in the air, there is no visible public transport system and I am told the sewerage system is virtually non-existent. So much for the emerging cities of India

Goldfish Have no Hiding Place

James Hadley Chase thrillers have remained with me for the past more than 20 years reading them intermittently. I finished yet another thriller "Goldfish Have no Hiding Place". It is a typical fast paced murder mystery with a lot of drama in it.

"Cruelly Murdered"

Just finished reading "Cruelly Murdered" by Bernard Taylor a true account of a sensational murder that took place in England in 1860. That with the sad upbringing of the killer, unsolved nature of the crime, her subsequent remorse, confession, living in jail for a full term of twenty years and her after-jail work for the downtrodden made for good reading.

"Riding the Ranges"

Just finished reading "Riding the Ranges" by Bill Aitken, a Scotsman who has made India his home for the last five decades. He has ridden his motorbike across the Himalaya and Sahyadri ranges, two most important mountain ranges in India. It is an easy read book of his travels to places like Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, the Deccan, Western Ghats and the various small towns dotting the Himalayan landscape. As a travelogue, it is a different kind, since it is undertaken on his motorbike, so he has dwelt some time on the motorbike related problems while travelling.